On the application of the yield-line method to masonry infills subjected to combined in-plane and out-of-plane loads

The influence of infills on the seismic response frame structures has been long recognised. On one hand, presence may be beneficial, due to their contribution dissipate energy. other irregular infill distributions in plan or elevation can lead concentration displacement demand localised parts building. It is noted that lack more panels depend original building layout generated by collapse during a event. therefore interest assessment capacity resist out-of-plane loads. In this paper, use yield-line theory for estimation strength investigated. method described detail and an example derivation related equations presented. Afterward, modification such suggested account different contact conditions at infill-frame interface. Moreover, specific attention paid masonry flexural strength, which basic parameter application method. Finally, reduction factor calibrated extend those cases previous in-plane damage present. Experimental tests available literature are used verify calibrate proposed coefficients.